Planetary Science

Juno

Orbiter · Competed · PI-led · Launched on August 5, 2011 · Extended Mission · LCC: $1.1B/$1.7B (2025 $)Life-cycle cost: NASA’s reported cost to build, launch, and operate a mission through its prime mission, plus documented partner contributions, in 2025 dollars. Extended missions are not included. Methods · Wikipedia

Scope Active Mission WindowActivePapers published from the first full month after science operations begin through two years after the mission ends. Citations are counted through the third calendar year after each paper appears. For Juno, papers published September 1, 2016 to January 1, 2024. Methods LifetimeLifetimeEvery tracked publication to date, with every citation to date. For Juno, papers published from 2016 to November 3, 2026. Methods
Tracked publicationsTracked publications: peer-reviewed papers we found that name the mission or its instruments in their titles, abstracts, or keywords. Papers that used the data without naming it are missed. Methods835
CitationsCitations: every citation these publications have drawn to date. Older missions have had longer to collect them. Methods19,302
Citation indices
h-indexh-index: the largest h such that h papers have at least h citations each. It only grows with time, so older missions score higher. Methods63
g-indexg-index: the largest g for which the g most-cited papers together hold at least g² citations. Like the h-index, but it lets the most-cited papers count for more. Methods102
m-indexm-index: a mission’s h-index divided by the years since its first peer-reviewed paper. It falls every 1 January even when nothing else changes; the figure shown is as of November 3, 2026. It also discounts the long operating life that larger missions paid for. Methods5.7
toritori (total research impact, from SciX): for every paper citing one of the mission’s papers, 1 divided by the citing paper’s reference count times the cited paper’s author count, summed, with self-citations removed. It favors citations from papers with short reference lists and from outside the mission’s own authors. Computed over the tracked citation graph, which can be slightly incomplete. Always over every tracked publication to date, whichever scope is chosen. Methods54
riqriq (research impact quotient): 1,000 times the square root of tori, divided by the years since the mission’s first paper. A rate, not a total, so it does not keep growing with age the way the h-index and tori do. Like tori, always over every tracked publication to date. Methods614

Publications and citations by year (lifetime)

Publications per yearCumulative citations

Institutional contributions (lifetime)The institutions SciX lists for each paper’s authors, as printed on the paper, located through the Research Organization Registry. A square counts a paper once, however many of its authors worked there. Methods

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Tracked publications over the lifetime (835)

All publications CSV · JSON

  1. The JPL Planetary and Lunar Ephemerides DE440 and DE441

    Park, Ryan S., 2021, AJ

    524 lifetime citations

  2. The Juno Mission

    Bolton, S. J., 2017, SSRv

    348 lifetime citations

  3. Comparing Jupiter interior structure models to Juno gravity measurements and the role of a dilute core

    Wahl, S. M., 2017, GeoRL

    346 lifetime citations

  4. The Juno Magnetic Field Investigation

    Connerney, J. E. P., 2017, SSRv

    340 lifetime citations

  5. A New Model of Jupiter's Magnetic Field From Juno's First Nine Orbits

    Connerney, J. E. P., 2018, GeoRL

    312 lifetime citations

  6. The Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) on the Juno Mission to Jupiter

    McComas, D. J., 2017, SSRv

    286 lifetime citations

  7. Jupiter's interior and deep atmosphere: The initial pole-to-pole passes with the Juno spacecraft

    Bolton, S. J., 2017, Sci

    280 lifetime citations

  8. Chemical enrichment of giant planets and discs due to pebble drift

    Booth, Richard A., 2017, MNRAS

    245 lifetime citations

  9. Jupiter’s atmospheric jet streams extend thousands of kilometres deep

    Kaspi, Y., 2018, Natur

    230 lifetime citations

  10. The Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument (JEDI) Investigation for the Juno Mission

    Mauk, B. H., 2017, SSRv

    209 lifetime citations

  11. A New Model of Jupiter's Magnetic Field at the Completion of Juno's Prime Mission

    Connerney, J. E. P., 2022, JGRE

    194 lifetime citations

  12. Magnetospheric Science Objectives of the Juno Mission

    Bagenal, F., 2017, SSRv

    193 lifetime citations

  13. The Juno Waves Investigation

    Kurth, W. S., 2017, SSRv

    191 lifetime citations

  14. New Models of Jupiter in the Context of Juno and Galileo

    Debras, Florian, 2019, ApJ

    186 lifetime citations

  15. Measurement of Jupiter’s asymmetric gravity field

    Iess, L., 2018, Natur

    183 lifetime citations

  16. A Jovian Magnetodisc Model for the Juno Era

    Connerney, J. E. P., 2020, JGRA

    162 lifetime citations

  17. A suppression of differential rotation in Jupiter’s deep interior

    Guillot, T., 2018, Natur

    160 lifetime citations

  18. JIRAM, the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper

    Adriani, Alberto, 2017, SSRv

    145 lifetime citations

  19. The water abundance in Jupiter's equatorial zone

    Li, Cheng, 2020, NatAs

    145 lifetime citations

  20. The Ultraviolet Spectrograph on NASA's Juno Mission

    Gladstone, G. Randall, 2017, SSRv

    142 lifetime citations

How we found these papers

We searched NASA’s Science Explorer (SciX) for peer-reviewed articles naming Juno in the title, abstract or keywords; standard filters drop articles that are not peer-reviewed and magazine pieces.

((=abs:"Juno mission" OR =abs:"Juno spacecraft" OR =abs:"Jupiter Near-polar Orbiter" OR ((=abs:Juno OR abs:JIRAM OR =abs:JunoCam) AND (abs:Jupiter OR abs:Jovian OR abs:Io OR abs:Europa OR abs:Ganymede OR abs:Callisto OR abs:Thebe OR abs:Amalthea OR abs:Adrastea OR abs:Metis)))) AND property:refereed AND doctype:article AND pubdate:[2016-09 TO 2040-01] AND NOT bibstem:("A&R" OR "ACPD" OR "AIASJ" OR "AMTD" OR "AeAm" OR "AirSp" OR "AsNow" OR "AsUAI" OR "AvWST" OR "BGD" OR "C&E" OR "C&T" OR "CAPJ" OR "CliPD" OR "E&S" OR "ENews" OR "ESDD" OR "ESSDD" OR "ESuDD" OR "GID" OR "GMDD" OR "GeCAS" OR "HESSD" OR "IrAJ" OR "JCos" OR "JRASC" OR "LAstr" OR "MNSSA" OR "Met" OR "NHESD" OR "NPGD" OR "NewSc" OR "OcScD" OR "Orion" OR "PhT" OR "PhTea" OR "PhuZ" OR "PhyOJ" OR "PhyW" OR "PlR" OR "SOILD" OR "SciAm" OR "SpFl" OR "TCD" OR "ZemVs")

Open in SciX

Added after review (2)

  1. Longitudinal Properties of a Widespread Solar Energetic Particle Event on 2014 February 25: Evolution of the Associated CME Shock Multi-spacecraft study of a 2014 solar energetic particle event that includes Juno cruise observations. Decision 👨
  2. Juno's Earth flyby: the Jovian infrared Auroral Mapper preliminary results Mission's first published science result: JIRAM infrared observations of the Earth and Moon during the 2013 Earth flyby. Decision 🤖

Removed after review (22)

  1. Notes and News: Jupiter in 2019 Part II: Juno This news report summarizes Jupiter observations without independent research. Decision 👨
  2. Jupiter's stormy winds churn deep into the planet This staff news article reports research findings without independent analysis. Decision 👨
  3. OSIRIS-REx: Sample Return from Asteroid (101955) Bennu Overview of the OSIRIS-REx mission; mentions Juno only as another New Frontiers mission. Decision 🤖
  4. Understanding Jupiter's interior Review of Jupiter interior models; mentions Juno only as a future source of measurements. Decision 🤖
  5. Dynamical modelling of the Galilean moons for the JUICE mission Modelling of the Galilean moons for ESA's JUICE mission; does not concern Juno. Decision 🤖
  6. Properties of hydrogen, helium, and silicon dioxide mixtures in giant planet interiors Published before Juno's first science results; a pre-results paper. Decision 👨
  7. Applications of the Jupiter Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model: A case study of auroral electron energy deposition Published before Juno's first science results; a pre-results paper. Decision 👨
  8. 2017JGRA..122.1763M Published before Juno's first science results; a pre-results paper. Decision 👨
  9. A pebbles accretion model with chemistry and implications for the Solar system Published before Juno's first science results; a pre-results paper. Decision 👨
  10. The flyby anomaly: a multivariate analysis approach Published before Juno's first science results; a pre-results paper. Decision 👨
  11. Jupiter’s Formation and Its Primordial Internal Structure Published before Juno's first science results; a pre-results paper. Decision 👨
  12. The generation of Ganymede's diffuse aurora through pitch angle scattering Published before Juno's first science results; a pre-results paper. Decision 👨
  13. Three eras of planetary exploration Published before Juno's first science results; a pre-results paper. Decision 👨
  14. Diffuse Aurora on Ganymede Driven by Electrostatic Waves Published before Juno's first science results; a pre-results paper. Decision 👨
  15. Jupiter internal structure: the effect of different equations of state Published before Juno's first science results; a pre-results paper. Decision 👨
  16. Mapping of hydrocarbons and H₃⁺ emissions at Jupiter's north pole using Galileo/NIMS data Published before Juno's first science results; a pre-results paper. Decision 👨
  17. Slantwise convection on fluid planets Published before Juno's first science results; a pre-results paper. Decision 👨
  18. The Evolution and Internal Structure of Jupiter and Saturn with Compositional Gradients Published before Juno's first science results; a pre-results paper. Decision 👨
  19. Modeling the disequilibrium species for Jupiter and Saturn: Implications for Juno and Saturn entry probe Published before Juno's first science results; a pre-results paper. Decision 👨
  20. Tests of HgCdTe Photodetectors Performances for Implementation on the MIST-A Instrument Tests detectors for a future asteroid-mission instrument; mentions JIRAM only as heritage. Decision 🤖
  21. Juno swoops around giant Jupiter Science editors' one-paragraph summary of a published paper; a news item, not research. Decision 🤖
  22. Dueling spacecraft look deep into Saturn and Jupiter Science staff news article reporting mission results; a news item, not research. Decision 🤖