Planetary Science

Juno

821 tracked publications and 18,277 citations from 2016–2026. Launched 2011. Life-cycle cost: $1.7B in 2025 dollars. Active Mission Window September 1, 2016 to January 1, 2024: 529 publications, 73 top-10% credit.

Orbiter · h-index 61 · 27 papers with 100+ citations · prime mission ended 2021

Lifetime

Scope Papers published from the first full month after science operations begin through 2 years after the mission ends. Citations are counted through the third calendar year after each paper appears. Methods Papers published from the first full month after science operations begin through 2 years after the prime mission ends. Citations are counted through the third calendar year after each paper appears. Methods Every tracked publication to date, with every citation to date. Methods

Key measures

Active Mission Window · papers September 1, 2016 to January 1, 2024
Tracked publicationsTracked publications: peer-reviewed research papers we found for the mission. The list may not be complete. Methods529
CitationsCitations received by the tracked publications in the selected scope. The two windowed scopes count each paper’s citations only within its citation window. Methods9,064
Mean citations per publicationMean citations: total citations divided by tracked publications in the selected scope. One blockbuster paper can lift it. Methods17
Median citations per publicationMedian citations: the middle paper’s citation count in the selected scope; half the papers have more, half fewer. A single blockbuster sways it less than the mean. Methods11
Uncited publicationsUncited publications: papers with no citations in the selected scope. Methods8 (1.5%)
Top-10% creditTop 10%: among the 10% most-cited papers from this division’s missions, ranked against papers published around the same time. A paper naming several missions is split evenly among the missions in this division that claim it, so counts can be fractional. Methods73 · 6.7% of division
Top-1% creditTop 1%: among the 1% most-cited papers from this division’s missions within the selected window. Not adjusted for publication year. A paper naming several missions is split evenly among the missions in this division that claim it, so counts can be fractional. Methods6 · 5.5% of division
Lifetime indices · every tracked publication to date, in any scope
h-indexh-index: the largest h such that h papers have at least h citations each. It only grows with time, so older missions score higher. Methods61
g-indexg-index: the largest g for which the g most-cited papers together hold at least g² citations. Like the h-index, but it lets the most-cited papers count for more. Methods99
m-index, as of October 4, 2026m-index: a mission’s h-index divided by the years since its first peer-reviewed paper. It falls every 1 January even when nothing else changes, so it belongs to the date shown; it also discounts the long operating life that larger missions paid for. Methods5.5
toritori (total research impact, from ADS): for every paper citing one of the mission’s papers, 1 divided by the citing paper’s reference count times the cited paper’s author count, summed, with self-citations removed. It favors citations from papers with short reference lists and from outside the mission’s own authors. Computed over the tracked citation graph, which can be slightly incomplete. Methods38
riqriq (research impact quotient): 1,000 times the square root of tori, divided by the years since the mission’s first paper. A rate, not a total, so it does not keep growing with age the way the h-index and tori do. Methods511

Tracked publications

  1. The JPL Planetary and Lunar Ephemerides DE440 and DE441

    Park, Ryan S., 2021, AJ

    482 citations

  2. The Juno Mission

    Bolton, S. J., 2017, SSRv

    339 citations

  3. Comparing Jupiter interior structure models to Juno gravity measurements and the role of a dilute core

    Wahl, S. M., 2017, GeoRL

    333 citations

  4. The Juno Magnetic Field Investigation

    Connerney, J. E. P., 2017, SSRv

    324 citations

  5. A New Model of Jupiter's Magnetic Field From Juno's First Nine Orbits

    Connerney, J. E. P., 2018, GeoRL

    305 citations

  6. Jupiter's interior and deep atmosphere: The initial pole-to-pole passes with the Juno spacecraft

    Bolton, S. J., 2017, Sci

    275 citations

  7. The Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) on the Juno Mission to Jupiter

    McComas, D. J., 2017, SSRv

    269 citations

  8. Chemical enrichment of giant planets and discs due to pebble drift

    Booth, Richard A., 2017, MNRAS

    233 citations

  9. Jupiter’s atmospheric jet streams extend thousands of kilometres deep

    Kaspi, Y., 2018, Natur

    223 citations

  10. The Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument (JEDI) Investigation for the Juno Mission

    Mauk, B. H., 2017, SSRv

    201 citations

  11. Magnetospheric Science Objectives of the Juno Mission

    Bagenal, F., 2017, SSRv

    184 citations

  12. The Juno Waves Investigation

    Kurth, W. S., 2017, SSRv

    183 citations

  13. Measurement of Jupiter’s asymmetric gravity field

    Iess, L., 2018, Natur

    183 citations

  14. New Models of Jupiter in the Context of Juno and Galileo

    Debras, Florian, 2019, ApJ

    182 citations

  15. A New Model of Jupiter's Magnetic Field at the Completion of Juno's Prime Mission

    Connerney, J. E. P., 2022, JGRE

    179 citations

  16. A suppression of differential rotation in Jupiter’s deep interior

    Guillot, T., 2018, Natur

    158 citations

  17. A Jovian Magnetodisc Model for the Juno Era

    Connerney, J. E. P., 2020, JGRA

    149 citations

  18. JIRAM, the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper

    Adriani, Alberto, 2017, SSRv

    142 citations

  19. The water abundance in Jupiter's equatorial zone

    Li, Cheng, 2020, NatAs

    140 citations

  20. The distribution of ammonia on Jupiter from a preliminary inversion of Juno microwave radiometer data

    Li, Cheng, 2017, GeoRL

    134 citations

How we found these papers

We searched NASA’s Astrophysics Data System (ADS) for peer-reviewed articles naming Juno in the title, abstract or keywords; standard filters drop articles that are not peer-reviewed and magazine pieces. SciX is ADS’s current interface.

((=abs:"Juno mission" OR =abs:"Juno spacecraft" OR =abs:"Jupiter Near-polar Orbiter" OR ((=abs:Juno OR abs:JIRAM OR =abs:JunoCam) AND (abs:Jupiter OR abs:Jovian OR abs:Io OR abs:Europa OR abs:Ganymede OR abs:Callisto OR abs:Thebe OR abs:Amalthea OR abs:Adrastea OR abs:Metis)))) AND property:refereed AND doctype:article AND pubdate:[2016-09 TO 2040-01] AND NOT bibstem:("A&R" OR "AIASJ" OR "AeAm" OR "AirSp" OR "AsNow" OR "AsUAI" OR "AvWST" OR "C&E" OR "C&T" OR "CAPJ" OR "E&S" OR "ENews" OR "IrAJ" OR "JCos" OR "JRASC" OR "LAstr" OR "MNSSA" OR "Met" OR "NewSc" OR "Orion" OR "PhT" OR "PhTea" OR "PhuZ" OR "PhyOJ" OR "PhyW" OR "PlR" OR "SciAm" OR "SpFl" OR "ZemVs")

Open in SciX

Added after review (2)

  1. Longitudinal Properties of a Widespread Solar Energetic Particle Event on 2014 February 25: Evolution of the Associated CME Shock cruise, energetic-particle observations (instrument not named in the abstract): Analyzes the 2014 February 25 SEP event using multipoint particle observations that include the Juno spacecraft at 2.11 au, 48 degrees east of Earth, during cruise. Decision 👨
  2. High-Precision Laboratory Measurements Supporting Retrieval of Water Vapor, Gaseous Ammonia, and Aqueous Ammonia Clouds with the Juno Microwave Radiometer (MWR) Laboratory gas absorption measurements made to support Juno microwave radiometer retrievals. Decision 🤖

Removed after review (24)

  1. Notes and News: Jupiter in 2019 Part II: Juno This news report summarizes Jupiter observations without independent research. Decision 👨
  2. Jupiter's stormy winds churn deep into the planet This staff news article reports research findings without independent analysis. Decision 👨
  3. OSIRIS-REx: Sample Return from Asteroid (101955) Bennu Overview of the OSIRIS-REx mission; mentions Juno only as another New Frontiers mission. Decision 🤖
  4. 2017SSRv..213....1B Editorial introduction to a journal topical collection; not a research paper. Decision 🤖
  5. Understanding Jupiter's interior Review of Jupiter interior models; mentions Juno only as a future source of measurements. Decision 🤖
  6. 2016JGRA..12112068H General review of search coil magnetometers; does not name Juno. Decision 🤖
  7. Dynamical modelling of the Galilean moons for the JUICE mission Modelling of the Galilean moons for ESA's JUICE mission; does not concern Juno. Decision 🤖
  8. Properties of hydrogen, helium, and silicon dioxide mixtures in giant planet interiors pre_science_cutoff: Published before Juno's first mission science papers on 2017-05-25; excluded by the human-approved chronology gate so pre-results theory, predictions, context, and mission news cannot register as returned science. Decision 👨
  9. Applications of the Jupiter Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model: A case study of auroral electron energy deposition pre_science_cutoff: Published before Juno's first mission science papers on 2017-05-25; excluded by the human-approved chronology gate so pre-results theory, predictions, context, and mission news cannot register as returned science. Decision 👨
  10. 2017JGRA..122.1763M pre_science_cutoff: Published before Juno's first mission science papers on 2017-05-25; excluded by the human-approved chronology gate so pre-results theory, predictions, context, and mission news cannot register as returned science. Decision 👨
  11. A pebbles accretion model with chemistry and implications for the Solar system pre_science_cutoff: Published before Juno's first mission science papers on 2017-05-25; excluded by the human-approved chronology gate so pre-results theory, predictions, context, and mission news cannot register as returned science. Decision 👨
  12. The flyby anomaly: a multivariate analysis approach pre_science_cutoff: Published before Juno's first mission science papers on 2017-05-25; excluded by the human-approved chronology gate so pre-results theory, predictions, context, and mission news cannot register as returned science. Decision 👨
  13. Jupiter’s Formation and Its Primordial Internal Structure pre_science_cutoff: Published before Juno's first mission science papers on 2017-05-25; excluded by the human-approved chronology gate so pre-results theory, predictions, context, and mission news cannot register as returned science. Decision 👨
  14. The generation of Ganymede's diffuse aurora through pitch angle scattering pre_science_cutoff: Published before Juno's first mission science papers on 2017-05-25; excluded by the human-approved chronology gate so pre-results theory, predictions, context, and mission news cannot register as returned science. Decision 👨
  15. Three eras of planetary exploration pre_science_cutoff: Published before Juno's first mission science papers on 2017-05-25; excluded by the human-approved chronology gate so pre-results theory, predictions, context, and mission news cannot register as returned science. Decision 👨
  16. Diffuse Aurora on Ganymede Driven by Electrostatic Waves pre_science_cutoff: Published before Juno's first mission science papers on 2017-05-25; excluded by the human-approved chronology gate so pre-results theory, predictions, context, and mission news cannot register as returned science. Decision 👨
  17. Jupiter internal structure: the effect of different equations of state pre_science_cutoff: Published before Juno's first mission science papers on 2017-05-25; excluded by the human-approved chronology gate so pre-results theory, predictions, context, and mission news cannot register as returned science. Decision 👨
  18. Mapping of hydrocarbons and H₃⁺ emissions at Jupiter's north pole using Galileo/NIMS data pre_science_cutoff: Published before Juno's first mission science papers on 2017-05-25; excluded by the human-approved chronology gate so pre-results theory, predictions, context, and mission news cannot register as returned science. Decision 👨
  19. Slantwise convection on fluid planets pre_science_cutoff: Published before Juno's first mission science papers on 2017-05-25; excluded by the human-approved chronology gate so pre-results theory, predictions, context, and mission news cannot register as returned science. Decision 👨
  20. The Evolution and Internal Structure of Jupiter and Saturn with Compositional Gradients pre_science_cutoff: Published before Juno's first mission science papers on 2017-05-25; excluded by the human-approved chronology gate so pre-results theory, predictions, context, and mission news cannot register as returned science. Decision 👨
  21. Modeling the disequilibrium species for Jupiter and Saturn: Implications for Juno and Saturn entry probe pre_science_cutoff: Published before Juno's first mission science papers on 2017-05-25; excluded by the human-approved chronology gate so pre-results theory, predictions, context, and mission news cannot register as returned science. Decision 👨
  22. Tests of HgCdTe Photodetectors Performances for Implementation on the MIST-A Instrument Tests detectors for a future asteroid-mission instrument; mentions JIRAM only as heritage. Decision 🤖
  23. 2022JGRE..12707323K Ground-based mapping of Ganymede; does not name Juno or its instruments. Decision 🤖
  24. 2022JGRA..12730581S Models Io's oxygen torus from Hisaki observations; does not name Juno. Decision 🤖