Planetary Science

InSight

362 tracked publications and 8,041 citations from 2018–2026. Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport. Launched 2018. Life-cycle cost: $1.4B in 2025 dollars. Active Mission Window December 1, 2018 to January 1, 2024: 257 publications, 58 top-10% credit.

Lander · h-index 43 · 15 papers with 100+ citations · prime mission ended 2020

Lifetime

Scope Papers published from the first full month after science operations begin through 2 years after the mission ends. Citations are counted through the third calendar year after each paper appears. Methods Papers published from the first full month after science operations begin through 2 years after the prime mission ends. Citations are counted through the third calendar year after each paper appears. Methods Every tracked publication to date, with every citation to date. Methods

Key measures

Active Mission Window · papers December 1, 2018 to January 1, 2024
Tracked publicationsTracked publications: peer-reviewed research papers we found for the mission. The list may not be complete. Methods257
CitationsCitations received by the tracked publications in the selected scope. The two windowed scopes count each paper’s citations only within its citation window. Methods5,689
Mean citations per publicationMean citations: total citations divided by tracked publications in the selected scope. One blockbuster paper can lift it. Methods22
Median citations per publicationMedian citations: the middle paper’s citation count in the selected scope; half the papers have more, half fewer. A single blockbuster sways it less than the mean. Methods12
Uncited publicationsUncited publications: papers with no citations in the selected scope. Methods7 (2.7%)
Top-10% creditTop 10%: among the 10% most-cited papers from this division’s missions, ranked against papers published around the same time. A paper naming several missions is split evenly among the missions in this division that claim it, so counts can be fractional. Methods58 · 5.3% of division
Top-1% creditTop 1%: among the 1% most-cited papers from this division’s missions within the selected window. Not adjusted for publication year. A paper naming several missions is split evenly among the missions in this division that claim it, so counts can be fractional. Methods9 · 8.2% of division
Lifetime indices · every tracked publication to date, in any scope
h-indexh-index: the largest h such that h papers have at least h citations each. It only grows with time, so older missions score higher. Methods43
g-indexg-index: the largest g for which the g most-cited papers together hold at least g² citations. Like the h-index, but it lets the most-cited papers count for more. Methods74
m-index, as of October 4, 2026m-index: a mission’s h-index divided by the years since its first peer-reviewed paper. It falls every 1 January even when nothing else changes, so it belongs to the date shown; it also discounts the long operating life that larger missions paid for. Methods4.8
toritori (total research impact, from ADS): for every paper citing one of the mission’s papers, 1 divided by the citing paper’s reference count times the cited paper’s author count, summed, with self-citations removed. It favors citations from papers with short reference lists and from outside the mission’s own authors. Computed over the tracked citation graph, which can be slightly incomplete. Methods11
riqriq (research impact quotient): 1,000 times the square root of tori, divided by the years since the mission’s first paper. A rate, not a total, so it does not keep growing with age the way the h-index and tori do. Methods376

Tracked publications

  1. Initial results from the InSight mission on Mars

    Banerdt, W. Bruce, 2020, NatGe

    360 citations

  2. SEIS: Insight's Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure of Mars

    Lognonné, P., 2019, SSRv

    277 citations

  3. Seismic detection of the martian core

    Stähler, Simon C., 2021, Sci

    272 citations

  4. Constraints on the shallow elastic and anelastic structure of Mars from InSight seismic data

    Lognonné, P., 2020, NatGe

    253 citations

  5. Thickness and structure of the martian crust from InSight seismic data

    Knapmeyer-Endrun, Brigitte, 2021, Sci

    228 citations

  6. The seismicity of Mars

    Giardini, D., 2020, NatGe

    227 citations

  7. The atmosphere of Mars as observed by InSight

    Banfield, Don, 2020, NatGe

    200 citations

  8. Upper mantle structure of Mars from InSight seismic data

    Khan, Amir, 2021, Sci

    159 citations

  9. Geology of the InSight landing site on Mars

    Golombek, M., 2020, NatCo

    122 citations

  10. InSight Auxiliary Payload Sensor Suite (APSS)

    Banfield, D., 2019, SSRv

    113 citations

  11. The Marsquake catalogue from InSight, sols 0-478

    Clinton, John F., 2021, PEPI

    112 citations

  12. InSight Constraints on the Global Character of the Martian Crust

    Wieczorek, Mark A., 2022, JGRE

    108 citations

  13. Geophysical evidence for an enriched molten silicate layer above Mars's core

    Samuel, Henri, 2023, Natur

    105 citations

  14. Lunar Seismology: A Data and Instrumentation Review

    Nunn, Ceri, 2020, SSRv

    103 citations

  15. Pre-mission InSights on the Interior of Mars

    Smrekar, Suzanne E., 2019, SSRv

    100 citations

  16. Detection, Analysis, and Removal of Glitches From InSight's Seismic Data From Mars

    Scholz, John-Robert, 2020, E&SS

    97 citations

  17. Largest recent impact craters on Mars: Orbital imaging and surface seismic co-investigation

    Posiolova, L. V., 2022, Sci

    90 citations

  18. Evidence for a liquid silicate layer atop the Martian core

    Khan, A., 2023, Natur

    90 citations

  19. Crustal and time-varying magnetic fields at the InSight landing site on Mars

    Johnson, Catherine L., 2020, NatGe

    87 citations

  20. Geophysical and cosmochemical evidence for a volatile-rich Mars

    Khan, A., 2022, E&PSL

    76 citations

How we found these papers

We searched NASA’s Astrophysics Data System (ADS) for peer-reviewed articles naming InSight in the title, abstract or keywords; standard filters drop articles that are not peer-reviewed and magazine pieces. SciX is ADS’s current interface.

((=abs:"Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport" OR =abs:"InSight lander" OR =abs:"InSight mission" OR =abs:"InSight landing" OR =abs:"Mars InSight" OR =abs:"NASA InSight" OR =abs:"InSight spacecraft" OR =abs:"InSight seismometer" OR =abs:"InSight seismometers" OR =abs:"InSight SEIS" OR =abs:"InSight HP3" OR =abs:"InSight sols" OR ((=abs:"InSight seismic" OR =abs:"InSight data" OR =abs:"InSight observations" OR =abs:"InSight measurements" OR =abs:"InSight pressure" OR =abs:"InSight wind" OR =abs:"InSight site" OR =abs:"InSight sites" OR =abs:"InSight probe" OR =abs:"InSight operations" OR =abs:"InSight team" OR abs:SEIS OR abs:HP3 OR abs:APSS) AND (abs:Mars OR abs:martian OR abs:marsquake OR =abs:marsquakes)) OR ((abs:marsquake OR =abs:marsquakes) AND (abs:InSight OR abs:SEIS OR abs:seismometer OR abs:recorded OR abs:detected OR abs:S1222a)) OR ((abs:InSight AND (abs:Mars OR abs:martian OR abs:marsquake OR =abs:marsquakes) AND (abs:seismic OR abs:seismometer OR abs:RISE OR =abs:"Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment" OR =abs:"Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure" OR =abs:"Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package" OR =abs:"Auxiliary Payload Sensor Subsystem" OR =abs:"Instrument Deployment Camera" OR =abs:"Instrument Context Camera")) NOT =abs:insights))) AND property:refereed AND doctype:article AND pubdate:[2018-12 TO 2040-01] AND NOT bibstem:("A&R" OR "AIASJ" OR "AeAm" OR "AirSp" OR "AsNow" OR "AsUAI" OR "AvWST" OR "C&E" OR "C&T" OR "CAPJ" OR "E&S" OR "ENews" OR "IrAJ" OR "JCos" OR "JRASC" OR "LAstr" OR "MNSSA" OR "Met" OR "NewSc" OR "Orion" OR "PhT" OR "PhTea" OR "PhuZ" OR "PhyOJ" OR "PhyW" OR "PlR" OR "SciAm" OR "SpFl" OR "ZemVs")

Open in SciX

Added after review (9)

  1. Geophysical evidence for an enriched molten silicate layer above Mars's core Mars core-mantle structure from InSight seismic phases; the abstract does not name the mission. Decision 🤖
  2. Resonances and Lander Modes Observed by InSight on Mars (1─9 Hz) Lander resonances observed in InSight's seismic record. Decision 🤖
  3. Crustal Anisotropy in the Martian Lowlands From Surface Waves Crustal anisotropy from surface waves of the largest marsquake recorded by InSight. Decision 🤖
  4. Vortices and Dust Devils as Observed by the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer Instruments on Board the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Perseverance dust-devil study that compares encounter rates with InSight's. Decision 🤖
  5. Long-Lived and Continual Volcanic Eruptions, Tectonic Activity, Pit Chains Formation, and Boulder Avalanches in Northern Tharsis Region: Implications for Late Amazonian Geodynamics and Seismo-Tectonic Processes on Mars Northern Tharsis geology locating the source region of an InSight-detected marsquake. Decision 🤖
  6. Search for Infrasound Signals in InSight Data Using Coupled Pressure/Ground Deformation Methods Search for infrasound signals in InSight pressure and seismic data. Decision 🤖
  7. Ter-Diurnal Atmospheric Tide on Mars Ter-diurnal tide from surface pressure records of MSL, InSight and the Viking landers. Decision 🤖
  8. Pre-mission InSights on the Interior of Mars Review of Mars interior knowledge framed around what InSight's measurements will test. Decision 🤖
  9. High Precision SEIS Calibration for the InSight Mission and Its Applications Calibration of the InSight SEIS seismometer and its applications. Decision 👨

Removed after review (32)

  1. Pressure and Composition Effects on Sound Velocity and Density of Core-Forming Liquids: Implication to Core Compositions of Terrestrial Planets Laboratory study of core-forming liquids; "insight" is an ordinary word here. Decision 🤖
  2. Recent seismicity in Valles Marineris, Mars: Insights from young faults, landslides, boulder falls and possible mud volcanoes Orbital study of Valles Marineris; mentions InSight only as a future seismometer. Decision 🤖
  3. Enhanced water loss from the martian atmosphere during a regional-scale dust storm and implications for long-term water loss Mars water-loss study; "insight" is an ordinary word and no InSight data are used. Decision 🤖
  4. Analytical Prediction of Seismicity Rate Due to Tides and Other Oscillating Stresses Generic tidal seismicity model; neither InSight nor its instruments are named. Decision 🤖
  5. Implementation of commercial Li-ion cells on the MarCO deep space CubeSats Battery engineering for the MarCO CubeSats; mentions InSight only as the co-launched mission. Decision 🤖
  6. Identification of Repeating Earthquakes: Controversy and Rectification Earthquake study; mentions marsquakes only as a possible future application. Decision 🤖
  7. Erosion rate of lunar soil under a landing rocket, part 2: Benchmarking and predictions Lunar soil erosion under landing rockets; "insight" is an ordinary word here. Decision 🤖
  8. Dynamics of recent landslides (<20 My) on Mars: Insights from high-resolution topography on Earth and Mars and numerical modelling Orbital study of Martian landslides; "Insights" is an ordinary word here. Decision 🤖
  9. Experimental Results of Electron Method for Remote Spacecraft Charge Sensing Spacecraft charge-sensing experiments; "insight" is an ordinary word here. Decision 🤖
  10. Standing on Apollo's Shoulders: A Microseismometer for the Moon Proposed lunar seismometer derived from InSight's design; reports no InSight results. Decision 🤖
  11. Passive Method for Reducing Temperature Sensitivity of a Microelectromechanical Seismic Accelerometer for Marsquake Monitoring Below 1 Nano-g Design technique for a seismic accelerometer flown on InSight; reports no Mars results. Decision 🤖
  12. Polyphase tectonics on Mars: Insight from the Claritas Fossae Orbital tectonic study of Claritas Fossae; "Insight" is an ordinary word here. Decision 🤖
  13. New-generation simultaneous shooting sparse OBN survey and FWI delineate deep subsalt structures in the Greater Mars-Ursa area Gulf of Mexico oil-field seismic survey; unrelated to the InSight mission. Decision 🤖
  14. German Aerospace Center's advanced robotic technology for future lunar scientific missions Overview of German lunar robotics; "insight" is an ordinary word here. Decision 🤖
  15. The interior of Mars revealed Journal commentary on other InSight papers; not a research paper. Decision 🤖
  16. A seismic meteor strike on Mars Journal commentary on other InSight papers; not a research paper. Decision 🤖
  17. Surprise! First peek inside Mars reveals a crust with cake-like layers News item on InSight results; not a research paper. Decision 🤖
  18. Distributed acoustic sensing for underwater passive acoustic monitoring of biophonic, geophonic, and anthropogenic sources—Universityof Washington Lab tour Underwater acoustic sensing lab tour; unrelated to the InSight mission. Decision 🤖
  19. Mars lander spies the planet's deep boundaries News item on InSight results; not a research paper. Decision 🤖
  20. Testing Rover Science Protocols to Identify Possible Biosignatures on Mars: Achieving Sampling Goals Under a Highly Constrained Time Line Rover field test in Utah; "insight" is an ordinary word here. Decision 🤖
  21. News at a glance Journal news digest; not a research paper. Decision 🤖
  22. Fourier Neural Operator for Moonquake Detection Moonquake detection method; mentions InSight only as a possible future application. Decision 🤖
  23. News at a glance Journal news digest; not a research paper. Decision 🤖
  24. Richard Raspet's legacy in planetary exploration Memorial essay on a scientist's career; not a research paper. Decision 🤖
  25. End draws near for lander that mapped the interior of Mars News item on the end of the InSight mission; not a research paper. Decision 🤖
  26. A New Crater Near Insight: Implications for Seismic Impact Detectability on Mars Duplicate record of 2020JGRE..12506382D (same paper). Decision 🤖
  27. Introduction to this special section: Planetary geophysics Introduction to a journal special section; not a research paper. Decision 🤖
  28. First seismic detections of natural impacts linked to craters on another planet Journal research briefing summarising other InSight papers; not a research paper. Decision 🤖
  29. 2017SSRv..211..611P Panning et al. 2017, "Planned Products of the Mars Structure Service for the InSight Mission to Mars" (SSRv, October 2017, 68 citations). Pre-launch description of planned data products; prospective, no InSight observation. Owner-curated; published before the production window, recorded so it never enters if the window changes. Decision 👨
  30. 2017SSRv..211..383M Mimoun et al. 2017, "The Noise Model of the SEIS Seismometer of the InSight Mission to Mars" (SSRv, October 2017, 66 citations). Pre-launch instrument noise model; hardware/prospective paper with no Mars measurement. Owner-curated; published before the production window, recorded so it never enters if the window changes. Decision 👨
  31. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission Instrument description of the Mars 2020 MEDA environmental sensors; InSight is mentioned only for comparison. Decision 🤖
  32. The TRACERS Fluxgate Magnetometer (MAG) Instrument description of the TRACERS fluxgate magnetometer; InSight is mentioned only as electronics heritage. Decision 🤖