Earth Science

Landsat 7

4,681 tracked publications and 197,986 citations from 2000–2026. Launched 1999. Life-cycle cost: $1.1B in 2025 dollars. Active Mission Window July 1, 1999 to January 1, 2024: 4,185 publications, 270 top-10% credit.

Orbiter · h-index 185 · 437 papers with 100+ citations · prime mission ended 2004


Lifetime

Scope Papers published from the first full month after science operations begin through 2 years after the mission ends. Citations are counted through the third calendar year after each paper appears. Methods Papers published from the first full month after science operations begin through 2 years after the prime mission ends. Citations are counted through the third calendar year after each paper appears. Methods Every tracked publication to date, with every citation to date. Methods

Key measures

Active Mission Window · papers July 1, 1999 to January 1, 2024
Tracked publicationsTracked publications: peer-reviewed research papers we found for the mission. The list may not be complete. Methods4,185
CitationsCitations received by the tracked publications in the selected scope. The two windowed scopes count each paper’s citations only within its citation window. Methods40,960
Mean citations per publicationMean citations: total citations divided by tracked publications in the selected scope. One blockbuster paper can lift it. Methods9.8
Median citations per publicationMedian citations: the middle paper’s citation count in the selected scope; half the papers have more, half fewer. A single blockbuster sways it less than the mean. Methods5
Uncited publicationsUncited publications: papers with no citations in the selected scope. Methods493 (12%)
Top-10% creditTop 10%: among the 10% most-cited papers from this division’s missions, ranked against papers published around the same time. A paper naming several missions is split evenly among the missions in this division that claim it, so counts can be fractional. Methods270 · 7.0% of division
Top-1% creditTop 1%: among the 1% most-cited papers from this division’s missions within the selected window. Not adjusted for publication year. A paper naming several missions is split evenly among the missions in this division that claim it, so counts can be fractional. Methods26 · 6.7% of division
Lifetime indices · every tracked publication to date, in any scope
h-indexh-index: the largest h such that h papers have at least h citations each. It only grows with time, so older missions score higher. Methods185
g-indexg-index: the largest g for which the g most-cited papers together hold at least g² citations. Like the h-index, but it lets the most-cited papers count for more. Methods294
m-index, as of October 4, 2026m-index: a mission’s h-index divided by the years since its first peer-reviewed paper. It falls every 1 January even when nothing else changes, so it belongs to the date shown; it also discounts the long operating life that larger missions paid for. Methods6.9
toritori (total research impact, from ADS): for every paper citing one of the mission’s papers, 1 divided by the citing paper’s reference count times the cited paper’s author count, summed, with self-citations removed. It favors citations from papers with short reference lists and from outside the mission’s own authors. Computed over the tracked citation graph, which can be slightly incomplete. Methods1,786
riqriq (research impact quotient): 1,000 times the square root of tori, divided by the years since the mission’s first paper. A rate, not a total, so it does not keep growing with age the way the h-index and tori do. Methods1,565

Tracked publications

  1. Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors

    Chander, Gyanesh, 2009, RSEnv

    1,940 citations

  2. Estimation of land surface temperature-vegetation abundance relationship for urban heat island studies

    Weng, Qihao, 2004, RSEnv

    1,636 citations

  3. Change detection techniques

    Lu, D., 2004, IJRS

    1,523 citations

  4. On the Blending of the Landsat and MODIS Surface Reflectance: Predicting Daily Landsat Surface Reflectance

    Gao, Feng, 2006, ITGRS

    1,449 citations

  5. Random forest classifier for remote sensing classification

    Pal, M., 2005, IJRS

    1,405 citations

  6. A Landsat Surface Reflectance Dataset for North America, 1990─2000

    Masek, Jeffrey G., 2006, IGRSL

    1,287 citations

  7. Preliminary analysis of the performance of the Landsat 8/OLI land surface reflectance product

    Vermote, Eric, 2016, RSEnv

    1,255 citations

  8. Remote sensing image-based analysis of the relationship between urban heat island and land use/cover changes

    Chen, Xiao-Ling, 2006, RSEnv

    1,130 citations

  9. Finer resolution observation and monitoring of global land cover: first mapping results with Landsat TM and ETM+ data

    Gong, Peng, 2013, IJRS

    1,091 citations

  10. Comparison of impervious surface area and normalized difference vegetation index as indicators of surface urban heat island effects in Landsat imagery

    Yuan, Fei, 2007, RSEnv

    1,057 citations

  11. Characterization of Landsat-7 to Landsat-8 reflective wavelength and normalized difference vegetation index continuity

    Roy, D. P., 2016, RSEnv

    964 citations

  12. Cloud detection algorithm comparison and validation for operational Landsat data products

    Foga, Steve, 2017, RSEnv

    922 citations

  13. Narrowband to broadband conversions of land surface albedo I. Algorithms

    Liang, Shunlin, 2001, RSEnv

    893 citations

  14. Impacts of landscape structure on surface urban heat islands: A case study of Shanghai, China

    Li, Junxiang, 2011, RSEnv

    864 citations

  15. Spatial and temporal patterns of China's cropland during 1990-2000: An analysis based on Landsat TM data

    Liu, Jiyuan, 2005, RSEnv

    774 citations

  16. A novel ocean color index to detect floating algae in the global oceans

    Hu, Chuanmin, 2009, RSEnv

    741 citations

  17. Satellite Remote Sensing of Surface Urban Heat Islands: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives

    Zhou, Decheng, 2018, RemS

    733 citations

  18. Mapping paddy rice agriculture in southern China using multi-temporal MODIS images

    Xiao, Xiangming, 2005, RSEnv

    723 citations

  19. An assessment of the effectiveness of decision tree methods for land cover classification

    Pal, Mahesh, 2003, RSEnv

    663 citations

  20. Glacier acceleration and thinning after ice shelf collapse in the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica

    Scambos, T. A., 2004, GeoRL

    617 citations

How we found these papers

We searched NASA’s Astrophysics Data System (ADS) for peer-reviewed articles naming Landsat 7 in the title, abstract or keywords; standard filters drop articles that are not peer-reviewed and magazine pieces. SciX is ADS’s current interface.

((=abs:"Landsat-7" OR =abs:"Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus" OR (abs:"ETM+" AND (abs:(Landsat OR multispectral OR albedo OR MODIS OR NDVI) OR =abs:"TM ETM" OR =abs:"TM images" OR =abs:"Thematic Mapper" OR =abs:"remote sensing" OR =abs:"satellite imagery" OR =abs:"satellite images")))) AND property:refereed AND doctype:article AND pubdate:[1999-07 TO 2040-01] AND NOT bibstem:("A&R" OR "AIASJ" OR "AeAm" OR "AirSp" OR "AsNow" OR "AsUAI" OR "AvWST" OR "C&E" OR "C&T" OR "CAPJ" OR "E&S" OR "ENews" OR "IrAJ" OR "JCos" OR "JRASC" OR "LAstr" OR "MNSSA" OR "Met" OR "NewSc" OR "Orion" OR "PhT" OR "PhTea" OR "PhuZ" OR "PhyOJ" OR "PhyW" OR "PlR" OR "SciAm" OR "SpFl" OR "ZemVs")

Open in SciX

Removed after review (10)

  1. LPSD: Log-Polar Sampling Descriptor for Efficient and Robust Multimodal Image Matching "ETM" here is an image-matching term, not Landsat 7's ETM+ instrument. Decision 🤖
  2. Fires dynamics in the Pantanal: Impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change "ETM" here is the Earth Trends Modeler software, not Landsat 7's ETM+ instrument. Decision 🤖
  3. 1999NIMPA.424..151K Neutron physics paper; "ETM" is a cross-section term, not Landsat 7's ETM+ instrument. Decision 🤖
  4. Estuarine turbidity maxima revisited: Instrumental approaches, remote sensing, modeling studies, and new directions "ETM" here means estuarine turbidity maximum, not Landsat 7's ETM+ instrument. Decision 🤖
  5. Crop Cycles and Crop Land Classification in Nepal Using MODIS NDVI MODIS study; "ETM" is the Earth Trends Modeler software, not Landsat 7's ETM+ instrument. Decision 🤖
  6. Evaluation of the First Year of Operational Sentinel-2A Data for Retrieval of Suspended Solids in Medium- to High-Turbidity Waters Sentinel-2 study; "ETM" means estuarine turbidity maximum, not Landsat 7's ETM+ instrument. Decision 🤖
  7. Extended topological mode in a one-dimensional non-Hermitian acoustic crystal Acoustics paper; "ETM" is a physics term, not Landsat 7's ETM+ instrument. Decision 🤖
  8. A hybrid method for improving groundwater evapotranspiration modeling in saline areas using remote sensing data "ETM" here is a groundwater model component, not Landsat 7's ETM+ instrument. Decision 🤖
  9. Overview of the Earth Observing One (Eo-1) Mission Overview of the EO-1 mission; mentions Landsat 7 only as a predecessor. Decision 🤖
  10. The next Landsat satellite: The Landsat Data Continuity Mission Overview of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission; mentions Landsat 7 only as its predecessor. Decision 🤖