Astrophysics

Fermi

6,573 tracked publications and 287,394 citations from 2008–2026. Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Launched 2008. Life-cycle cost: $1.3B in 2025 dollars. Active Mission Window September 1, 2008 to January 1, 2024: 5,436 publications, 499 top-10% credit.

Survey Observatory · h-index 207 · 546 papers with 100+ citations · prime mission ended 2013

Lifetime

Scope Papers published from the first full month after science operations begin through 2 years after the mission ends. Citations are counted through the third calendar year after each paper appears. Methods Papers published from the first full month after science operations begin through 2 years after the prime mission ends. Citations are counted through the third calendar year after each paper appears. Methods Every tracked publication to date, with every citation to date. Methods

Key measures

Active Mission Window · papers September 1, 2008 to January 1, 2024
Tracked publicationsTracked publications: peer-reviewed research papers we found for the mission. The list may not be complete. Methods5,436
CitationsCitations received by the tracked publications in the selected scope. The two windowed scopes count each paper’s citations only within its citation window. Methods127,557
Mean citations per publicationMean citations: total citations divided by tracked publications in the selected scope. One blockbuster paper can lift it. Methods23
Median citations per publicationMedian citations: the middle paper’s citation count in the selected scope; half the papers have more, half fewer. A single blockbuster sways it less than the mean. Methods12
Uncited publicationsUncited publications: papers with no citations in the selected scope. Methods299 (5.5%)
Top-10% creditTop 10%: among the 10% most-cited papers from this division’s missions, ranked against papers published around the same time. A paper naming several missions is split evenly among the missions in this division that claim it, so counts can be fractional. Methods499 · 10% of division
Top-1% creditTop 1%: among the 1% most-cited papers from this division’s missions within the selected window. Not adjusted for publication year. A paper naming several missions is split evenly among the missions in this division that claim it, so counts can be fractional. Methods75 · 15% of division
Lifetime indices · every tracked publication to date, in any scope
h-indexh-index: the largest h such that h papers have at least h citations each. It only grows with time, so older missions score higher. Methods207
g-indexg-index: the largest g for which the g most-cited papers together hold at least g² citations. Like the h-index, but it lets the most-cited papers count for more. Methods354
m-index, as of October 4, 2026m-index: a mission’s h-index divided by the years since its first peer-reviewed paper. It falls every 1 January even when nothing else changes, so it belongs to the date shown; it also discounts the long operating life that larger missions paid for. Methods10.9
toritori (total research impact, from ADS): for every paper citing one of the mission’s papers, 1 divided by the citing paper’s reference count times the cited paper’s author count, summed, with self-citations removed. It favors citations from papers with short reference lists and from outside the mission’s own authors. Computed over the tracked citation graph, which can be slightly incomplete. Methods749
riqriq (research impact quotient): 1,000 times the square root of tori, divided by the years since the mission’s first paper. A rate, not a total, so it does not keep growing with age the way the h-index and tori do. Methods1,368

Tracked publications

  1. GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral

    Abbott, B. P., 2017, PhRvL

    9,795 citations

  2. Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger

    Abbott, B. P., 2017, ApJ

    4,155 citations

  3. The Large Area Telescope on the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Mission

    Atwood, W. B., 2009, ApJ

    3,955 citations

  4. Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A

    Abbott, B. P., 2017, ApJ

    3,431 citations

  5. Fermi Large Area Telescope Third Source Catalog

    Acero, F., 2015, ApJS

    1,541 citations

  6. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor

    Meegan, Charles, 2009, ApJ

    1,519 citations

  7. An Ordinary Short Gamma-Ray Burst with Extraordinary Implications: Fermi-GBM Detection of GRB 170817A

    Goldstein, A., 2017, ApJ

    1,460 citations

  8. Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog

    Abdollahi, S., 2020, ApJS

    1,455 citations

  9. Fermi Large Area Telescope Second Source Catalog

    Nolan, P. L., 2012, ApJS

    1,404 citations

  10. Searching for Dark Matter Annihilation from Milky Way Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with Six Years of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data

    Ackermann, M., 2015, PhRvL

    1,294 citations

  11. Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the optical counterpart to a gravitational wave source

    Coulter, D. A., 2017, Sci

    1,119 citations

  12. Fermi Large Area Telescope First Source Catalog

    Abdo, A. A., 2010, ApJS

    1,032 citations

  13. Giant Gamma-ray Bubbles from Fermi-LAT: Active Galactic Nucleus Activity or Bipolar Galactic Wind?

    Su, Meng, 2010, ApJ

    1,018 citations

  14. The Spectral Energy Distribution of Fermi Bright Blazars

    Abdo, A. A., 2010, ApJ

    1,017 citations

  15. VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV): The public ESO near-IR variability survey of the Milky Way

    Minniti, D., 2010, NewA

    994 citations

  16. Evidence for Strong Extragalactic Magnetic Fields from Fermi Observations of TeV Blazars

    Neronov, Andrii, 2010, Sci

    961 citations

  17. Measurement of the Cosmic Ray e⁺+e⁻ Spectrum from 20GeV to 1TeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

    Abdo, A. A., 2009, PhRvL

    921 citations

  18. INTEGRAL Detection of the First Prompt Gamma-Ray Signal Coincident with the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817

    Savchenko, V., 2017, ApJ

    884 citations

  19. The Second Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-Ray Pulsars

    Abdo, A. A., 2013, ApJS

    871 citations

  20. The Internal-collision-induced Magnetic Reconnection and Turbulence (ICMART) Model of Gamma-ray Bursts

    Zhang, Bing, 2011, ApJ

    804 citations

How we found these papers

We searched NASA’s Astrophysics Data System (ADS) for peer-reviewed articles naming Fermi in the title, abstract or keywords; standard filters drop articles that are not peer-reviewed and magazine pieces. SciX is ADS’s current interface.

((facility:Fermi OR =abs:("Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope" OR "Fermi telescope" OR "Fermi observatory" OR "Fermi satellite" OR "Fermi spacecraft" OR "Fermi bubble" OR "Fermi bubbles" OR "Fermi LAT" OR "Fermi GBM" OR "Fermi data" OR "Fermi observations" OR "Large Area Telescope" OR "Gamma-ray Burst Monitor" OR "Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope" OR "GLAST Burst Monitor") OR (=abs:glast AND abs:(gamma OR telescope OR LAT OR GBM)) OR (abs:(LAT OR GBM) AND (=abs:("gamma-ray" OR "gamma-rays") OR abs:(GRB OR blazar OR pulsar))) OR (collection:astronomy AND =abs:Fermi AND (=abs:("gamma-ray" OR "gamma-rays" OR "X-ray" OR "X-rays") OR abs:(GRB OR blazar OR pulsar OR flare OR HESS OR "dark matter" OR "BL Lac" OR telescope OR satellite OR observatory OR spacecraft)) AND NOT =abs:("free-electron laser" OR "free electron laser" OR "FERMI FEL" OR "Fermi first order" OR Fermilab OR "Fermi scale" OR "Fermi ball" OR "Fermi balls" OR "Fermi liquids" OR "Fermi and betatron" OR "Fermi energy" OR "Fermi surface" OR "Fermi surfaces" OR "Fermi gas" OR "Fermi liquid" OR "Fermi statistics" OR "Fermi-Dirac" OR "Fermi paradox" OR "Fermi-Walker" OR "Fermi coordinates" OR "Fermi normal" OR "Fermi frame" OR "Fermi sea" OR "Fermi level" OR "Fermi momentum" OR "Fermi velocity" OR "Fermi arc" OR "Fermi arcs" OR "Fermi acceleration" OR "Fermi process" OR "Fermi mechanism" OR "first-order Fermi" OR "second-order Fermi" OR "Fermi-I" OR "Fermi-II" OR "fast-Fermi" OR "Fermi-like" OR "Thomas-Fermi" OR "Chandrasekhar-Fermi" OR "Fermi contact" OR "Fermi edge" OR "Fermi sphere" OR "Fermi spheres" OR "Fermi energization" OR "Fermi golden rule")))) AND property:refereed AND doctype:article AND pubdate:[2008-09 TO 2040-01] AND NOT bibstem:("A&R" OR "AIASJ" OR "AeAm" OR "AirSp" OR "AsNow" OR "AsUAI" OR "AvWST" OR "C&E" OR "C&T" OR "CAPJ" OR "E&S" OR "ENews" OR "IrAJ" OR "JCos" OR "JRASC" OR "LAstr" OR "MNSSA" OR "Met" OR "NewSc" OR "Orion" OR "PhT" OR "PhTea" OR "PhuZ" OR "PhyOJ" OR "PhyW" OR "PlR" OR "SciAm" OR "SpFl" OR "ZemVs")

Open in SciX

Added after review (1)

  1. Implications of Plasma Beam Instabilities for the Statistics of the Fermi Hard Gamma-Ray Blazars and the Origin of the Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background Models the gamma-ray blazar population against Fermi luminosity and background constraints. Decision 🤖

Removed after review (27)

  1. 2005SSRv..120..165B Instrument description of Swift's X-ray telescope; not a Fermi paper. Decision 🤖
  2. 2005SSRv..120..143B Instrument description of Swift's Burst Alert Telescope; not a Fermi paper. Decision 🤖
  3. 2005SSRv..120...95R Instrument description of Swift's ultraviolet/optical telescope; not a Fermi paper. Decision 🤖
  4. A Cosmic Radiation Modular Telescope on the Moon: The MoonRay Concept Concept study for a lunar cosmic-ray telescope; cites Fermi only for comparison. Decision 🤖
  5. BeppoSAX-WFC catalog of fast X-ray transients BeppoSAX study; the gamma-ray burst monitor named is BeppoSAX's, not Fermi's. Decision 🤖
  6. The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) space experiment for the direct measurement of high energy electrons in cosmic rays Describes the CALET experiment; its gamma-ray burst monitor is not Fermi's. Decision 🤖
  7. Omniscopes: Large area telescope arrays with only Nlog⁡N computational cost "Large area telescope" here means radio antenna arrays, not Fermi's LAT. Decision 🤖
  8. Particle Injection and Nonthermal Particle Acceleration in Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection "Fermi" here names a particle-acceleration process, not the spacecraft. Decision 🤖
  9. Formation and Abundance of Late-forming Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter "Fermi" here refers to fermion physics, not the spacecraft. Decision 🤖
  10. The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station Describes the CALET experiment; its gamma-ray burst monitor is not Fermi's. Decision 🤖
  11. Dynamics of millicharged dark matter in supernova remnants "Fermi" here names a particle-acceleration process, not the spacecraft. Decision 🤖
  12. Energetic Electron Acceleration in Unconfined Reconnection Jets "Fermi" here names a particle-acceleration process, not the spacecraft. Decision 🤖
  13. Gamma-Ray Burst in Swift and Fermi Era Editorial introduction to a journal special issue; not a research paper. Decision 🤖
  14. Ion Acoustic Solitons in Dense Magnetized Plasmas with Nonrelativistic and Ultrarelativistic Degenerate Electrons and Positrons "Fermi" here refers to degenerate plasma physics, not the spacecraft. Decision 🤖
  15. The food-associated fungal neurotoxin ochratoxin A inhibits the absorption of glutamate by astrocytes through a decrease in cell surface expression of the excitatory amino-acid transporters GLAST and GLT-1 GLAST here is a protein in brain cells, not the spacecraft. Decision 🤖
  16. Fermionic halos at finite temperature in AdS/CFT "Fermi" here refers to fermion physics, not the spacecraft. Decision 🤖
  17. Radiation-Induced DNA Damage Cooperates with Heterozygosity of TP53 and PTEN to Generate High-Grade Gliomas GBM here means glioblastoma, not Fermi's burst monitor. Decision 🤖
  18. Silicon detectors in space for γ-ray astroparticle physics Pre-launch description of silicon gamma-ray detectors; reports no results. Decision 🤖
  19. The EEE project - Science in schools: state and results "Fermi" here names a research centre supporting a ground muon array. Decision 🤖
  20. Generation of an immortalized astrocytic cell line from Abcd1-deficient H-2KᵇtsA58 mice to facilitate the study of the role of astrocytes in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy GLAST here is a protein in brain cells, not the spacecraft. Decision 🤖
  21. Ultra-Low-L Sub-MeV Electron Microbursts During the May 2024 Super Storm Uses CALET's gamma-ray burst monitor on the ISS, not Fermi's. Decision 🤖
  22. Observing the thermalization of dark matter in neutron stars "Fermi" here refers to degenerate matter in neutron stars, not the spacecraft. Decision 🤖
  23. Exotic Compact Objects with Two Dark Matter Fluids "Fermi" here refers to fermion physics, not the spacecraft. Decision 🤖
  24. Interaction of curcumin with glioblastoma cells via high and low linear energy transfer radiation therapy inducing radiosensitization effects GBM here means glioblastoma, not Fermi's burst monitor. Decision 🤖
  25. Electronic Logbook for Space System Integration & Test Operations Logbook software for pre-launch integration and testing; reports no data. Decision 🤖
  26. Electron Acceleration during Macroscale Magnetic Reconnection "Fermi" here names a particle-acceleration process, not the spacecraft. Decision 🤖
  27. The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) High-energy X-Ray Mission Mission description of NuSTAR; mentions Fermi only as a partner for coordinated observations. Decision 🤖